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[A]
Abatement
A discount allowed for damage or overcharge in the
payment of a bill.
Accessorial Charges
Charges that are applied to the base tariff rate or
base contract rate, e.g., bunkers, container, currency, and
destination/delivery.
Accessorial
A service that is not considered ‘standard’ will
incur additional fees. Accessorial charges may include, but are not
limited to: arrival notification, inside delivery, insurance,
liftgate service, COD, hazardous materials, fuel surcharge
Acquiescence
When a bill of lading is accepted or signed by a
shipper or shipper's agent without protest, the shipper is said to
acquiesce to the terms, giving a silent form of consent.
Act of God
An act beyond human control, such as lightning, flood
or earthquake
Advanced Charge
A charge advanced by one carrier to another to be
collected by the later carrier from the consignor or consignee.
Aggregate Shipment
Numerous shipments from different shippers to one
consignee that are consolidated and treated as a single consignment.
Agreed valuation
The value of a shipment agreed upon in order to
secure a specific freight rate.
Agreed Weight
The weight prescribed by agreement between carrier
and shipper for goods shipped in certain packages or in a certain
number.
Alternative Rates
Privilege to use the rate producing the lowest
charge.
Ambient Temperature
The temperature of a surrounding body. The ambient
temperature of a container is the atmospheric temperature to which
it is exposed.
Any Quantity (A.Q.)
Usually refers to a rating that applies to an article
regardless of size or quantity.
Apparent Good Order
When freight appears to be free of damage so far as a
general survey can determine.
Arbitrary
A stated amount over a fixed rate to one point to
make a rate to another point.
Arrival Notification
Carrier notifies and schedules a delivery date and
time with the receiver.
Back to Index
[B]
B/L
Abbreviation for "Bill of
Lading."
Backhaul
To haul a shipment back over part of a route it has
traveled.
Beyond
Reference to charges assessed for cargo movement past
a line-haul terminating or final destination point.
Bill of
Lading
Multi-use documents that are essential to conduct the
day-to-day operations when transportation of supplies, materials,
and personal property is required. These primary documents are used
to procure freight and express transportation and related services
from commercial carriers, including freight forwarders.
Bill of Lading Requirements?
- The name and address of:
- carrier (the shipping company responsible for
transport)
- shipper (the consignor/sender, or his agent)
- consignee (the buyer or his agent)
- Origin and Destination
- Description of the commodity or goods being
transported
- Payment instructions (PPD (Prepaid), Collect,
COD)
- Place and date issued
- Haz Mat (Placard) Requirements
- Any other information relative to the shipment
Bill to Party
Customer designated as party paying for services.
Billed Weight
The weight shown in a waybill and freight bill, i.e,
the invoiced weight.
Blanket Rate
A rate applicable to or from a group of points. A
special rate applicable to several different articles in a single
shipment.
Blind Shipment
A B/L wherein the paying customer has contracted with
the carrier that shipper or consignee information is not given.
Block Stowage
Stowing cargo destined for a specific location close
together to avoid unnecessary cargo movement.
Blocked Trains
Railcars grouped in a train by destination so that
segments (blocks) can be uncoupled and routed to different
destinations as the train moves through various junctions.
Eliminates the need to break up a train and sort individual railcars
at each junction.
Blocking or Bracing
Wood or metal supports (Dunnage) to keep shipments in
place to prevent cargo shifting.
Bls.
Abbreviation for "Bales."
Board Feet
The basic unit of measurement for lumber. One board
foot is equal to a one_inch board, 12 inches wide and one foot long.
Thus, a board ten feet long, 12 inches wide, and one inch thick
contains ten board feet.
Bobtail
Movement of a tractor, without trailer, over the
highway.
Bogie
is a chassis or framework carrying
wheels or a set of wheels built
specifically as rear wheels under the container.
Bolster
A device fitted on a chassis or railcar to hold and
secure the container.
Bonded Freight
Freight moving under a bond to U.S. Customs or to the
Internal Revenue Service, and to be delivered only under stated
conditions.
Bonded Warehouse
A warehouse authorized by Customs authorities for
storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the
goods are removed.
Booking Arrangements
with a carrier for the acceptance and carriage of
freight; i.e., a space reservation, truck, container.
Booking Number
Reservation number used to secure equipment and act
as a control number prior to completion of a B/L.
Bottom Side Rails
Structural members on the longitudinal sides of the
base of the container.
Bottom-Air Delivery
A type of air circulation in a temperature control
container. Air is pulled by a fan from the top of the container,
passed through the evaporator coil for cooling, and then forced
through the space under the load and up through the cargo. This type
of airflow provides even temperatures.
Boxcar
A closed rail freight car.
Break Bulk
To unload and distribute A portion or all of the
contents of trailer, container or rail car.
Broker
A person who arranges for transportation of loads for
a percentage of the revenue from the load.
Brokerage
A brokerage is a firm that acts as a
broker of freight, general
commodities or house hold goods, invoices the shipment. collect the
money and pays the carrier.
Bulk Cargo
Not in packages or containers; shipped loose in the
hold of a ship without mark and count." Grain, coal and sulfur are
usually bulk freight.
Bulk-Freight
Container A container with a discharge hatch in the
front wall; allows bulk commodities to be carried.
Bulkhead
A partition separating one part of A ship, Freight
car, aircraft or truck from Another part.
Back to Index
[C]
Car Pooling
Use of individual carrier/rail equipment through a
central agency for the benefit of carriers and shippers.
Car Seal
Metal strip and lead fastener used for locking
freight car or truck doors. Seals are numbered for record purposes.
Carrier
Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage,
undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by
rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such
modes.
Cartage
Usually refers to intra_city hauling on drays or
trucks.
Cash Against Documents (CAD)
Method of payment for goods in which documents
transferring title are given the buyer upon payment of cash to an
intermediary acting for the seller, usually a commission house.
Cash in Advance (CIA)
A method of payment for goods in which the buyer pays
the seller in advance of the shipment of goods. Usually employed
when the goods, such as specialized machinery, are built to order.
Cash With Order (CWO)
A method of payment for goods in which cash is paid
at the time of order and the transaction becomes binding on both
buyer and seller.
CBM (CM)
Abbreviation for "Cubic Meter."
Certificate of Origin
A certified document showing the origin of goods;
used in international commerce.
CFS
Abbreviation for "Container Freight Station." A
shipping dock where cargo is loaded, or unloaded from containers.
Chassis
A frame with wheels and container locking devices in
order to secure the container for movement.
Chock
A piece of wood or other material placed at the side
of cargo to prevent rolling or moving sideways.
CKD
Abbreviation for "Completely Knocked Down." Parts and
subassemblies being transported to an assembly plant.
CL
Abbreviation for "Carload" and "Containerload".
Claim
A demand made upon a transportation line for payment
on account of a loss sustained through its alleged negligence.
Class
Refers to the Classification rating or number that
specifically identifies the approximate size, value and difficulty
of transporting a particular type of product that can be shipped by
a carrier.
Classification
A publication such as Uniform Freight Classification
(railroad) or the National Motor Freight Classification (motor
carrier), that assigns ratings to various articles and provides bill
of lading descriptions and rules.
Classification Rating
Same as Class. The designation provided in a
classification by which a class rate is determined.
Classification Yard
A railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling
freight trains.
Clayton Act
An anti-trust act of the U.S. Congress making price
discrimination unlawful.
Clean Bill of Lading
A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an
indication that the goods were received in "apparent good order and
condition," without damage or other irregularities. If no notation
or exception is made, the B/L is assumed to be "clean."
Clearance
The size beyond which cars or loads cannot use Limits
bridges, tunnels, etc.
Cleat
A strip of wood or metal used to afford additional
strength, to prevent warping, or to hold in place.
Clip-On
Refrigeration equipment attachable to an insulated
container that does not have its own refrigeration unit.
CM
Abbreviation for "Cubic Meter" (capital letters).
COD
Abbreviation for: Collect (cash) on Delivery. Carried
on Docket (pricing).
Combination Rate
A rate made up of two or more factors, separately
published.
Commercial Invoice
Represents a complete record of the transaction
between exporter and importer with regard to the goods sold. Also
reports the content of the shipment and serves as the basis for all
other documents about the shipment.
Commodity
Article shipped. For dangerous and hazardous
material, the correct commodity identification is critical.
Commodity Rate
A rate published to apply to a specific article or
articles.
Common Carrier
A transportation company which provides service to
the general public at published rates.
Common Law
Law that derives its force and authority from
precedent, custom and usage rather than from statutes, particularly
with reference to the laws of England and the United States.
Concealed Damage
Damage that is not evident from viewing the unopened
package.
Conference
An association of ship owners operating in the same
trade route who operate under collective conditions and agree on
tariff rates.
Confirmed Letter of Credit
A letter of credit, issued by a foreign bank, whose
validity has been confirmed by a domestic bank. An exporter with a
confirmed letter of credit is assured of payment even if the foreign
buyer or the foreign bank defaults.
Confirming Bank
The bank that adds its confirmation to another bank's
(the issuing bank's) letter of credit and promises to pay the
beneficiary upon presentation of documents specified in the letter
of credit.
Connecting Carrier
A carrier which has a direct physical connection
with, or forms a link between two or more carriers.
Consignee
A person or company to whom commodities are shipped
to or received by.
Consignee Mark
A symbol placed on packages for identification
purposes; generally a triangle,square, circle, etc. with letters
and/or numbers and port of discharge.
Consignment
(1) A stock of merchandise advanced to a dealer and
located at his place of business, but with title remaining in the
source of supply. (2) A shipment of goods to a consignee.
Consignor
A person or company shown on the bill of lading as
the shipper.
Consolidation
Cargo containing shipments of two or more shippers or
suppliers. Containerload shipments may be consolidated for one or
more consignees.
Consolidator
A person or firm performing a consolidation service
for others. The consolidator takes advantage of lower full carload (FCL)
rates, and savings are passed on to shippers.
Container
A truck trailer body that can be detached from the
chassis for loading into a vessel, a rail car or stacked in a
container depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated,
refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or
equipped with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet, 40 feet,
45 feet, 48 feet or 53 feet in length, 8'0" or 8'6" in width, and
8'6" or 9'6" in height.
Container Booking
Arrangements with a steamship line to transport
containerized cargo.
Container Freight Station
See CFS.
Container Load
A load sufficient in size to fill a container either
by cubic measurement or by weight.
Container Manifest
Document showing contents and loading sequence of a
container.
Container Pool
An agreement between parties that allows the
efficient use and supply of containers. A common supply of
containers available to the shipper as required.
Container Terminal
An area designated for the stowage of cargoes in
container; usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine
transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off,
maintained and housed.
Container Yard (CY)
A materials handling/storage facility used for
completely unitized loads in containers and/or empty containers.
Commonly referred to as CY.
Containerable
Cargo Cargo that will fit into a container and result
in an economical shipment.
Containerization
Stowage of general or special cargoes in a container
for transport in the various modes.
Contraband
Cargo that is prohibited.
Contract
A legally binding agreement between two or more
persons/organizations to carry out reciprocal obligations or value.
Contract Carrier
Any person not a common carrier who, under special
and individual contracts or agreements, transports passengers or
property for compensation.
Controlled Atmosphere
Sophisticated, computer_controlled systems that
manage the mixtures of gases within a container throughout an
intermodal journey reducing decay.
Corner Posts
Vertical frame components fitted at the corners of
the container, integral to the corner fittings and connecting the
roof and floor structures. Containers are lifted and secured in a
stack using the castings at the ends.
Correspondent Bank
A bank that, in its own country, handles the business
of a foreign bank.
Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)
Cost of goods, marine insurance and all
transportation (freight) charges are paid to the foreign point of
delivery by the seller.
Countervailing Duty
An additional duty imposed to offset export grants,
bounties or subsidies paid to foreign suppliers in certain countries
by the government of that country for the purpose of promoting
export.
Cross Member
Transverse members fitted to the bottom side rails of
a container, which support the floor.
Cu.
An abbreviation for "Cubic." A unit of volume
measurement.
Cube
Out When a container or vessel has reached its
volumetric capacity before its permitted weight limit.
Cubic Foot
1,728 cubic inches. A volume contained in a space
measuring 12" x 12" x 12".
Customhouse
A government office where duties are paid, import
documents filed, etc., on foreign shipments.
Customhouse Broker
A person or firm, licensed by the treasury department
of their country when required, engaged in entering and clearing
goods through Customs for a client (importer).
Customs
Government agency charged with enforcing the rules
passed to protect the country's import and export revenues.
Customs Bonded Warehouse
A warehouse authorized by Customs to receive
duty-free merchandise.
Customs Entry
All countries require that the importer make a
declaration on incoming foreign goods. The importer then normally
pays a duty on the imported merchandise.
Customs Invoice
A form requiring all data in a commercial invoice
along with a certificate of value and/or a certificate of origin.
Required in a few countries (usually former British territories) and
usually serves as a seller's commercial invoice.
Cut-Off Time
The latest time cargo may be delivered to a terminal
for loading to a scheduled train or ship.
CWT.
Hundred weight (United States, 100 pounds: U.K.,112)
See Hundredweight below.
CY
Abbreviation for Container Yard.
Back to Index
[D]
D&H
Abbreviation for "Dangerous and Hazardous" cargo.
D.B.A.
Abbreviation for "Doing Business As." A legal term
for conducting business under a registered name.
D.O.T.
Department of Transportation.
Deadhead
One leg of a move without a paying cargo load.
Usually refers to repositioning an empty piece of equipment.
Declared Value
To receive a lower rate a shipper declares a lower
than actual value for a shipment. Similar to released value.
Declared value is for a complete shipment whereas released value is
for each piece in a shipment.
Deconsolidation Point
Place where loose or other non-containerized or
truckload cargo is ungrouped for delivery.
Deficit Weight
The weight by which a shipment is less than the
minimum weight.
Delivery Instructions
Order to pick up goods at a named place and deliver
them to a pier. Usually issued by exporter to trucker but may apply
to a railroad, which completes delivery by land. Use is limited to a
few major U.S. ports. Also known as shipping delivery order.
Delivery Receipt (DR)
A document which evidences delivery of a shipment.
Same as POD.
Demurrage
A penalty charge against shippers or consignees for
delaying the carrier's equipment beyond the allowed free time. The
free time and demurrage charges are set forth in the charter party
or freight tariff.
Density
The weight of cargo per cubic foot or other unit.
Depot, Container
Container freight station or a designated area where
empty containers can be picked up or dropped off.
Destination
The place where
carrier actually turns over cargo to consignee or his agent.
Destination Control Statements
Various statements that the U.S. government requires
to be displayed on export shipments. The statements specify the
authorized destinations.
Detention
A penalty charge against shippers or consignees for
delaying carrier's equipment beyond allowed time. Demurrage applies
to cargo; detention applies to equipment. See Per Diem.
Devanning
The unloading of a container or cargo van.
DF Car
Damage_Free Car. Boxcars equipped with special
bracing material.
Differential
An amount added or deducted from base rate to make a
rate to or from some other point or via another route.
Discrepancy Letter of Credit
When documents presented do not conform to the
requirements of the letter of credit (L/C), it is referred to as a
"discrepancy." Banks will not process L/C's which have
discrepancies. They will refer the situation back to the buyer
and/or seller and await further instructions.
Displacement
The weight, in tons of 2,240 pounds, of the vessel
and its contents. Calculated by dividing the volume of water
displaced in cubic feet by 35, the average density of sea water.
Diversion
A change made either in the route of a shipment in
transit (see Reconsignment) or of the entire ship.
Division
Carriers' practice of dividing revenue received from
through rates where joint hauls are involved. This is usually
according to agreed formulae.
Dock, freight
For land
transportation, A loading or unloading platform at an industrial
location or carrier terminal.
Dock Receipt
A form used to acknowledge receipt of cargo and often
serves as basis for preparation of the ocean bill of lading.
Docket
Present a rate proposal to a conference meeting for
adoption as a conference group rate.
Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)
Instructions given by a shipper to a bank indicating
that documents transferring title to goods should be delivered to
the buyer only upon the buyer's acceptance of the attached draft.
Documents Against Payment (D/P)
An indication on a draft that the documents attached
are to be released to the drawee only on payment.
Dolly
A set of wheels that support the front of a
container; used when the automotive unit is disconnected.
Door-to-Door
The through transportation of a container or trailer
and its contents from consignor to consignee. Also known as House to
House. Not necessarily a through rate.
Double Drop
A type of open deck trailer which has a raised
section at the front and rear and a "well" in the middle. Used for
transporting very tall equipment.
Doubles
Slang term for two pups (28’ trailers) hooked
together for transport
Draft
an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one
party (drawer) to Another party (drawee), requiring the drawee to
pay at a fixed or determinable future date A specified sum in lawful
currency to the order of A specified person.
Draft, Bank
An order issued by a seller against a purchaser;
directs payment, usually through an intermediary bank. Typical bank
drafts are negotiable instruments and are similar in many ways to
checks on checking accounts in a bank.
Draft, Clean
A draft to which no documents are attached.
Draft, Date
A draft that matures on a fixed date, regardless of
the time of acceptance.
Draft, Discounted
A time draft under a letter of credit that has been
accepted and purchased by a bank at a discount.
Draft, Sight
A draft payable on demand upon presentation.
Draft, Time
A draft that matures at a fixed or determinable time
after presentation or acceptance.
Drawback
A partial refund of an import fee. Refund usually
results because goods are re-exported from the country that
collected the fee.
Drawee
The individual or firm that issues a draft and thus
stands to receive payment.
Drayage
Charge made for local hauling by dray or truck. Same
as Cartage.
Dry Cargo
Cargo that is not liquid and normally does not
require temperature control.
Dry-Bulk Container
A container constructed to carry grain, powder and
other free-flowing solids in bulk. Used in conjunction with a tilt
chassis or platform.
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